Migration of phthalate and adipate components i from polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles to edible oils during storage

The migration of plasticizers, i. e., Di-methyl phthalate [DMP] ,Di-[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [DEHP], Di-n-butyl phthalate [DBF] and Di -ethylhexyl adipate[DEHA] from polyethylene terephthalate bottles [PET] into edible oils [mixture of sunflower oil with soybean oill:l]was studied under temperature of 4, 20 and40+/- 1°C for 360days. The plasticizers were determined by gas chromatography [GC].Statistically significant differences for migration of plasticizers were observed between treatments. Migration of plasticizers depended on temperature and storage time. The results showed that, migration increased with increasing temperature and storage time [contact time].High migration was observed at 40 °C and low migration was found at4 °C. The highest migration level was noticed with DEHA and DEHP compound. The concentration of DEHA and DEHP reached to 1003.42 and 512.41g/ml after 150 and 225 days of storage at 40 °C, respectively. These values were higher than the upper limit for global migration from plastic packaging materials into food and food stimulants set by the European Union [EU] [60mg/kg or 10mg/dm[2]], it could be concluded that, the best storage conditions for edible oils might be 4°C for 6 months or 20 - 40°C for 4 months?

Nutritional evaluation of some different formula using as a diet for lacto-vegetarian

Four types of formula were prepared from vegetable protein and milk products were evaluated using chemical score and biological methods. Forty adult male albino rats Sprague Dawley strain weighing 80-90gm were divided into five group's eight rats each. The first group was control fed casein diet at standard level, while the second group and the third fed formula containing [brand 1 and brand 2] respectively at 14% protein level while the forth and fifth groups of rats fed a formula containing [brand 3 and brand 4] respectively at the same level of protein. Food and water were provided ad libitum during 6 weeks of experiment after that all animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and blood sample were taken and organs were removed and washed in saline solution then dried and weighed. Serum were separated and subjected to biochemical analysis. The results revealed that chemical score was higher in the formula of [brand 4] while methionine was the first limiting amino acid in the all formula and control. The highest food intake and changes in body weight were found in the group of rats fed [brand 4]. No significant differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit values than control group; also total serum protein was not significant between groups, while serum albumin showed significantly higher [p<0.01] than control in group of rats received [brand 2 and brand 4] however no significant differences in globulin between all groups and control group. However serum urea and uric acid were significantly higher [p<0.01] than control in group of rats fed [brand 3]

in vivo protective effects of silymarin on DMN-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Dimethyl nitrosamine [DMN] is a very potent chemical carcinogen which occurs naturally in the environment and in a wide variety of food stuffs, and can be formed in the body by nitrosation of secondary or tertiary amines in the presence of nitrite, nitrate or nitrogen oxides. Silymarin is a powerful antioxidant and has a potent free radical scavenging activity, said to protect cells of liver, brain and other cells in the body from toxins. To examine the in vivo protective effects of silymarin on the induced oxidative damage in livers of DMN-intoxicated rats histologically and immunohistochemically. The ability of silymarin to protect and detoxify DMN toxicity was examined in rat livers. Dietary pretreatment of rats [body weight 125-135 g] with silymarin [0.9 mg/g body weight] for two weeks prior to the intraperitoneal injection of DMN, reversed the hepatotoxic effects of DMN, as examined histologically. DMN in two doses of 15 micro g/kg or 25 micro g/kg was injected. After DMN treatment, the animals were fed with diet with silymarin or without for 48 hours. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours after DMN injection. The immunoreactivity of cells of rats' livers was examined for antibodies of heat shock protein 70 [HSP70] [HSPs are a family of proteins that are triggered to be induced when a cell undergoes environmental stresses including oxidative stress, pathogenic conditions ...etc]. The histological evaluation revealed prominent changes in groups received DMN in high dose more than low dose. Treatment with silymarin reversed this effect. The immunohistochemical assay for the stress-protective proteins "HSP70" showed that treatment with silymarin triggered more expression of this protein. Silymarin can provide substantial protective effect against DMN-induced hepatic oxidative damage with therapeutic potential to be used in human